Operating Principle

2–4 min read

Two Experts With the Same Facts Often Disagree

Two Experts With the Same Facts Often Disagree

Two Experts With the Same Facts Often Disagree

Equally qualified experts routinely reach different conclusions from identical information.

Equally qualified experts routinely reach different conclusions from identical information.

Equally qualified experts routinely reach different conclusions from identical information.

Noise is unwanted judgment variability that most organizations never measure.

Noise is unwanted judgment variability that most organizations never measure.

Noise is unwanted judgment variability that most organizations never measure.

Noise is unwanted judgment variability that most organizations never measure.

Operating Question

What evidence, base rate, or structural constraint should change this decision?

What evidence, base rate, or structural constraint should change this decision?

What evidence, base rate, or structural constraint should change this decision?

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Why It Matters

Noise is unwanted judgment variability that most organizations never measure.

Supporting Evidence

Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein, “Noise”.

Research Notes

Treat this as a disciplined decision heuristic and account for relevant context and limits.

Practical Actions

Test identical cases across judges; judge independently before discussion; use structured criteria.